International

What central banks can do when shocks come from outside

External shocks: central bank policy options

External shocks—from commodity price surges, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and abrupt capital flow reversals—create swift and varied challenges for central banks. The suitable rea...

Economy

Istanbul, in Turkey: What makes a retail concept scalable across diverse neighborhoods

Istanbul retail strategy: achieving scalability across districts

Istanbul emerges as a megacity defined by striking contrasts: compact historic districts, heavily visited tourist corridors, sleek business hubs, expansive suburban areas, and two ...

Investments and Business

How are regulators shaping sustainable finance product design?

The influence of regulatory mandates on sustainable advisory services

Sustainable finance has moved from niche to mainstream, and regulators are a central force behind that shift. Through disclosure mandates, classification systems, product governance rules, and supervisory guidance, authorities are actively influencing how financial products are c...